3K Rowpu Manual

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The 3000 gph ROWPU will treat fresh, brackish, and seawater sources, as well as NBC contaminated waters. The system is housed in 8 x 8 x 20 ft ISO containers, and mounted on an M871A2 trailer. It is hauled by an M932 truck, and is C-130 and C-141 air transportable.It is contained within a special 8- by 8- by 20-foot ISO container with an overpack. The 3,000-GPH ROWPU is mounted on a standard 30-foot military trailer and can be shipped aboard USAF aircraft. It is powered by a 60KW utility diesel generator that is mounted on the rear of the trailer. Other external factors, such as turbidity, also affect production rates. This ROWPU is capable of effectively removing potentially hazardous concentrations of all known chemical and biological agents and radioactive by-products of nuclear origin. It produces 1500 gallons of potable water each hour when operated on water with less than 1,000 parts per million (ppm) of total dissolved solids (TDS). If the raw water has more than 45,000 ppm TDS, it will produce 1,200 gallons per hour. The product water will meet the Tri-Service Field Water Quality Standards for long term consumption. It will use state of the art technology to increase the 600 GPH ROWPU's output without increasing its size or weight. The 1500 GPH ROWPU will be operable either on the ground or mounted on a 5 ton trailer or a 5 ton truck. It will be transportable by any of the standard modes (highway, rail, air, or marine). It is expected to have a life of 20 years.The raw water pump is a self-priming type pump. When the pump casing is filled with water and the pump is turned on, it will pull air out of the suction hose and pull the water up to the pump. Use a hand-operated prime pump to assist the raw water pump to quickly pull up the water. Use either a water can or the hand prime pump for initial priming. Without the hand pump, a lift of 15 feet through five hose sections will require six to eight minutes. http://www.transrent.pl/userfiles/3m-accuglide-3-tape-head-manual.xml

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With the hand pump, this is reduced to two to three minutes. Once the pump is primed, suction and discharge check valves (one-way flow valves) prevent the water from running back down to the water source when the pump is stopped. If these seal tightly, the pump will only require initial priming. Raw water pump discharge pressure delivers raw water to the cyclone separators where the water is swirled at a high rate of speed so that the heavier dirt and sand are thrown to the outside of the swirl and drip to the bottom where they are carried away through waste hoses. Any suspended solid which will settle in a glass in less than 20 minutes will be removed. Water which passes through the separators is delivered under pressure up to the ROWPU van where suction of a booster pump inside the van feeds pressurized water to the filtration components.Site maintained by: John Pike. It may not be available at this time, the URL may have changed, or we may be experiencing technical problems locating it. If possible, include the resource’s title and the URL that is no longer working. Backwash Cycle Figure 1-11. Backwash Cycle - cont Figure 1-11. Reverse Osmosis Process Figure 1-13. Reverse Osmosis Components Figure 1-14. Operation of NBC Filter Figure 1-15. Chemical Treatment Components Figure 1-16. Air Supply Components Figure 1-17. Electrical Controls Figure 1-18. Diesel Heater Controls - cont Figure 2-11. Potable Water Distribution System Controls and Indicators Figure 2-15. Differential Pressure Gages Figure 2-16. Portable Turbidity Meter PORTABLE TURBIDITY METER PORTABLE TDS METER Figure 2-18. OPERATORS PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE CHECKS AND SERVICES (PMCS) Figure 2-21. PMCS Routing Diagram Figure 2-21. PMCS Routing Diagram - cont Figure 2-21. Operator Preventive Maintenance Checks and Services (PMCS) Table 2-13. Deployed Raw Water Intake System Figure 2-28. Deploy Anchor Figure 2-29. Set-Up Cyclone Separator Figure 2-29. Set-Up Cyclone Separator - CONT Figure 2-30. http://www.widerbet.pl/userfiles/3m-accuglide-tape-head-manual.xml

Ground Rod Installation - cont Figure 2-31. Waste Outlet and Front Sump Drain Connections Figure 2-31. Water Distribution System Deployment INITIAL ADJUSTMENTS, CHECKS, AND SELF-TESTS Figure 2-33. Establishing Electrical Power Figure 2-34. Ready Air System INITIAL ADJUSTMENTS, CHECKS, AND SELF-TESTS - cont Figure 2-35. Vent, Drain, and Sample Valves Figure 2-35. Vent, Drain, and Sample Valves - cont Figure 2-36. Manual Valve Pre-Star Positions Figure 2-36. Manual Valve Pre-Star Positions - cont Figure 2-37. Main Control Panel Checks Figure 2-38. High Pressure Pump Oil Level Figure 2-39. Emergency Stop Figure 2-40. Initial Polyelectrolyte Set-Up Table 2-17. Polyelectrolyte Pump Settings Figure 2-41. Priming the Raw Water Pump Figure 2-41. Priming the Raw Water Pump - cont Figure 2-42. Start-Up Procedures EMERGENCY STOP Figure 2-43. Maximum Product TDS as of Water Source TDS Table 2-24. Routine Shutdown to Stand-By Figure 2-49. Sample Logs Figure 2-56. Replacing Outer Basket Strainer Screen ROUTINE OPERATION - cont Figure 2-56.1. Replace Outer Basket Strainer Screen Figure 2-57. Replacing Cartridge Filter Elements Figure 2-58. Alarm Shutdowns Table 2-27. Routine Operational services When Operating With Polyelectrolyte Table 2-28. Routine Operational Services When Operating Without Polyelectrolyte RO ELEMENT CLEANING Table 2-30. Packing the ROWPU Figure 2-64. Packing the ROWPU - cont Figure 2-64. Packing the ROWPU - cont Figure 2-65. Loading the Ladders Figure 2-66. Establishing Power-and Operating Heaters Figure 2-69. Establishing Power-and Operating Heaters - cont Figure 2-69. Shutdown to Secured Conditions (External to Van) Figure 2-71. MAINTENANCE OF AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT CHAPTER 4. UNIT MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS SERVICE UPON RECEIPT Section Ill. Distribution Pump External Electrical Panel Assembly Figure 4-39.DEFINITION OF UNUSUAL TERMS - CONT SECTION Il.Design by Strategico. Languages Speaking fluent English and German. http://www.drupalitalia.org/node/65880

Material Skills Provision constantly process confidential and sensitive material. With the introduction of GDPR (General Data Protection Regulations) we have formulated new workingIf no instructions are received we will continue to use, share and protect your information in theBefore you fill out our registration form, we feel it necessary to pass on some important information. After completing our registration process your details are checked over by our Validation Team. Their task is to upload suitable submissions or delete. Registrations that pass validation automatically produce an online CV Profile. Due to the popularity of our website profiles are widely seen by prospective employers. On a daily basis we receive many Profile enquiries. By following our guidelines your profile will pass our validation process. It looks like your browser needs updating. For the best experience on Quizlet, please update your browser. Learn More. Cartridge Filter Takes out smaller products not weeded out Basket Strainer Removes left over particles, yellow light means change. Air Storage tank capacity 1800-2200 psi 2 pounds of Sequestrant to 12 gallons of product water RO vessels Remove TDS 2 types of ROWPU WTA 60 (1 basket strainers) ROWPU-1 (2 basket strainers) Max Turbidity for ROWPU 150 Two Valves that remain open during set-up Product shut off valve, Feed valve Discharge of Raw Water pump Lift-150 Discharge- 30 Min. Centrical Fugel Pump 110 gpm High Pressure pump 101 gpm Positive displacement pump Post dampner Smooth flow of water Booster Pump 115gpm Extra Cartridge filters Stored behind control panel Load raw water using chain hoist, 3 man carry THIS SET IS OFTEN SAVED IN THE SAME FOLDER AS. Discover everything Scribd has to offer, including books and audiobooks from major publishers. Start Free Trial Cancel anytime. AUDAXDEMOLIZIONI.COM/images/3jh2e-manual.pdf

Report this Document Download Now save Save Truck Mounted RO Unit Manual For Later 54 views 0 0 upvotes 0 0 downvotes Truck Mounted RO Unit Manual Uploaded by hermit44535 Description: Instruction Manual Full description save Save Truck Mounted RO Unit Manual For Later 0 0 upvotes, Mark this document as useful 0 0 downvotes, Mark this document as not useful Embed Share Print Download Now Jump to Page You are on page 1 of 325 Search inside document Browse Books Site Directory Site Language: English Change Language English Change Language. Supports the Soldier Enhancement Program. Two rounds will be Type Classified, one for use against multiple personnel in a crowd, the other for use against one individual. This program is in support of the Soldier Enhancement Program. It is the Abrams Tank's primary anti-armor cartridge. It incorporates thick walled graphite composite sabots, advanced propellant and a depleted uranium penetrator. It represents a major breakthrough in HEAT ammunition in terms of range and performance. The M830A1 has an anti-helicopter capability. The STAFF will also have an anti-helicopter capability. This system will be more efficient and easier to maintain. It will be used for conventional fire support and will supplement the currently stockpiled 155mm HE M107. It provides greater range and lethality than the M107 and will be used as a registration round for the M483A1 family of conventional munitions. In the theater of operations it is towed to an operating site by a M818 or M932 5-ton tractor. It has the capacity to produce potable water from any water source and to remove many chemical and biological contaminants. It supports the Army's primary means of distributing and issuing petroleum to combat forces under tactical conditions. This program is in support of the Soldier Enhancement Program. http://www.christinemartin.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/1626bdee01d2d1---casio-3793-aq-180w-manual.pdf

The remanufactured vehicles are equipped with new engines, automatic transmission, power steering, antilock brakes, and Central Tire Inflation System (CTIS) and radial tires for enhanced mobility. Used in the M16A2 rifle, M4 Carbine and the M249 Machine Gun. This program is in support of the Soldier Enhancement Program. This program responds to the force requirement for an auxiliary power unit(APU) for the M577 vehicle and the SICPS M1068 track variant. This program is a critical element of the Force XXI Tactical Operations Centers(TOC). Low rate initial production articles are currently deployed with the Task Force XXI EXFOR. It will have a linked platform capability to a maximum capacity of 60,000 lb. The system will use a cluster of 12 G-11 parachutes for recovery, and rope suspension slings. Supports the Soldier Enhancement Program. Provides enhanced short range lethality and MOUT capability. A Soldier Enhancement Program supporting the Land Warrior Program. It adjusts to maintain line of sight to target while weapon is elevated, reducing target acquisition time. Current efforts are in the areas of target acquisition, cannon and fire control. The effort will narrow in focus to developing the XM291 cannon after technology demonstrations in the other areas are completed. The system in the self protection role must also be required to provide radar warning jamming and high accuracy direction of arrival functions. The armament system consists of the M65 TOW Missile System, 20 mm gun, and Hydra-70 rockets. The 2 notch visor provides protection against two laser wavelengths and provides adequate ambient light transmittance to be flown at night. The 3 notch visor provides protection against three laser wavelengths. While the 3 notch visor provides additional laser protection as compared to the 2 notch visor, it is too dark to be used at night.Currently in Phase 1 Program Definition and Risk Reduction (PDRR) and Milestone III in FY02. http://basumati.com/app/webroot/ckfinder/userfiles/files/8700g-blackberry-manual.pdf

The system provides battle commanders and intercommunications facilities for up to six operators, and joint interoperability as well as maritime and air traffic control communications. It can be tailored by the aviation unit commander to meet the unit's particular mission, crew size and environmental needs. It will provide signal, water, shelter and food to accommodate survival for a 72 hour period. This item has completed fielding. The AIHS is the common helmet for all active duty Army Aviators. Fielding will be completed in FY98. The system is an aircraft mounted, aircraft powered cooler which circulates chilled water through liquid cooled undergarments to remove body heat. Three systems under development include a generic 4-crewmember system, a generic 2-crewmember system and a 2-crewmember system specifically designed for the OH-58D aircraft. Development is complete. No production planned except as an option as part of the still to be determined Air Warrior ensemble. PM-MEP is procuring these sets for a variety of Army systems. The AIRPAC will consist of two containers which, when employed separately, together, or with the M-1950 weapons case, will provide parachutist's delivery of a wide variety of combat equipment, weapons and missile systems. Containers will have a single point release system which allows the container and leg tiedown straps to be released simultaneously.It will be used to perform lifting, lowering, loading, and excavation; handling general supplies, construction materials and bridging; to support maintenance, collection and classification points, rehabilitation of maintenance and communication routes, resupply points and logistic support facilities. The ATC will replace overage 20 and 25 ton cranes (rough terrain and truck mounted) in the Army inventory. The purpose of the RSDS is to monitor the radio frequency environment for potential threats to the aircraft and to warn the pilot and crew when the aircraft is being illuminated by radar. {-Variable.fc_1_url-

The system detects, classifies, and prioritizes radar emitters. It cues target acquisition systems, allows rapid target handover, and can provide information on the status of the detected emitter (search, acquisition, and track). The system will use onboard displays to provide information to the aircrew. It is a single channel analog and dual channel digital secondary radar. The ASV will accept the MK-19 grenade machine gun, the M-2.50 caliber machine gun and the M-60 7.62mm machine gun. The ASV will be transportable by C-130 and larger aircraft, rail and marine modes. The ASV will be capable of carrying four persons. The vehicle will have a diesel engine, automatic transmission, central tire inflation system and a payload of 3,360 pounds with all kits installed. The ASV may be used as the platform for the Mobile Ordnance Disrupter System (MODS). These systems provide a realistic opposing force environment for developmental and operational Test and Evaluation of Army tactical systems and meet selected Tri-Service requirements. The AMPS includes tactical command and control, mission planning, mission management, and maintenance management. The AMPS interfaces with the Maneuver Control System and associated networks. This interface will furnish the aviation commander with continuous situational awareness, allowing the commander to rapidly adjust his plan to accomplish his assigned mission. Supports the Soldier Enhancement Program. In support of the soldier enhancement program. This program in support of the Soldier Enhancement Program. BIDS is a three phased program. The first 38 BIDS NDI systems were fielded to the 310th Chem Co, in 4th quarter FY 96, and three trainers were sent to the Chemical School. The second phase of 38 BIDS P3I systems and three trainers will be fielded in 4th quarter FY 99. The final phase of 38 BIDS P3I systems will be integrated in the Joint Biological Point Detection System (JBPDS) in FY 01, the detection suite for all Services. http://cohn-vossen.com/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/1626bdef6d5239---casio-3796-amw-710-manual.pdf

It is desired to maximize commonality with existing M30 components. It will provide enhanced power, speed, internal operation space, RAM-D and protection. The BFIST will integrate selected M981 fire support equipment (FSE) into candidate Bradley vehicles. Capable of operations from unimproved runways. Equipped for paradrop, medevac, cargo missions with rear ramp. Uses Volcano Dispenser half rack on a HMMWV. The CBMS is being designed to detect threat biological and chemical agents. In the BIDS, the CBMS will be linked to a central computer and will interface to a BIDS aerosol sampling device. For chemical reconnaissance applications, the CBMS will interface with the NBCR's chemical ground probe. USE CONCEPT: (1) BIDS: The CBMS will be included within the BIDS detection suite. The BIDS network will be used to provide the basis for warning and confirmation that a biological attack has occurred. (2) NBCRS: The CBMS will replace the MM1 Mass Spectrometer. The sight allows the soldier to fire the weapon with both eyes open. A Soldier Enhancement Program supporting the Land Warrior Program. A Soldier Enhancement Program supporting the Land Warrior Program. It includes development of individual clothing and equipment items to lighten the soldier?s load and incorporates protection against chemical and biological agents, thermal nuclear flash, ballistic threats, directed energy threats, visual and electronic detection and environmental hazards. There are currently 25 programs that are considered to be CIE programs. It rapidly deploys during the onset of a crash, supplementing the current restraint system, thereby reducing casualties and injuries in a survivable crash. Joint Service application of CABS to similar aircraft is being pursued. The CBS will enhance maneuverability in airborne and MOUT operations. In support of Soldier Enhancement Program. The system consists of the transporter, Bridge Adapter Pallets (BAPs) and Boat Cradles. BARTONSTEEL.COM/tony/barton/ckfinder/userfiles/files/8700c-blackberry-manual.pdf

The transporter shall have the capability of transporting, launching and retrieving the fielded ribbon bridge interior bay, ramp bay, bridge erection boat, and bridge adapter pallet.This system augments the National Airspace System. The compactors will be self-propelled, diesel powered, tamping machines for high speed embankment compaction. It is a required element of the Army Field Feeding System-Future. Positioned at brigade support areas, it allows field service companies to move forward to service forward area troops. Consists of commercially available laundering equipment mounted in a standard ISO container. Also provides automation support for functions such as shipment status; prepayment auditing of the Government Bills of Lading (GBL). More than 3,200 users from various organizations will be able to access the CFM System via its telecommunications subsystem, in order to attenuate and minimize GBL freight transportation costs. The system provides modern information processing support to all engineers, scientists, managers, and other personnel who have the responsibility to accomplish the Corps' mission in military and civil works programs. CEFMS performs proprietary accounting for operations as well as budget execution and reporting for Civil Works, Revolving Fund and Military appropriations. Typical tasks are construction, repair and maintenance of forward area landing strips, heliports, logistical support facilities, port facilities, roads and bridges. The basic crane-shovel consists of a fully revolving (360 degree) superstructure with a basic 50 foot boom and a 40 ton block tackle. It is capable of being converted for use in lifting, clamshell, dragline, pile driving, wrecking ball, shovel and backhoe operations. It is diesel engine driven and can be used on paved or semi-paved surfaces. This crane can lift loads up to 10K lb. Reusable (25X), eliminates sabot and separate sub-cal cartridges for each zone. PM DCATS provides the latest state-of-the-art wideband commercial and military communications equipment available to enhance long-haul transmission system performance. The Army's portion of worldwide Defense Data Networks includes implementation of the Army DISN Router Program to provide Army war fighters with access to wide area data transport in support of power projection,, the Army Common User Installation Transport Network (CUITN) which is the Army's program to install modern, high speed, fiber optic backbone networks at the Army's wide area high speed data network in support of war fighting, peace keeping, and other military operations. These programs are part of the Power Projection. Command, Control, Communications, and Computer Infrastructure (PPC4I) initiative of the DISC4 to upgrade the Army's information infrastructure to transfer large amounts of data within and among major installations in support of split base operations contingency deployments, and other power projection missions. DMS facilitates and coordinates an integrated message system that provides command and control message capabilities for all DoD locations--sustaining to battlefield bases. DMS-A handles the fielding, integration and sustainment for the Army. It must be survivable during trans- and post- nuclear attack to support communications essential to national survival. The DSCS is used in conjunction with the terrestrial transmissions of the Defense Information System Network (DISN) and other communications systems to provide end-to end communications. The DSCS provides long-haul service between the Continental United States (CONUS), over seas locations, and among overseas Worldwide Military Command and Control System (WWMCCS) activities. Responsible at Army DSCS sites for installing terminal interconnect facilities, management of facility upgrades and site preparation construction associated with new terminal installation. DTSS will store, retrieve, update, create, manipulate and distribute digital topographic data; produce terrain analysis products; and provide topographic standards for the Army. This terrain intelligence information will directly support mission planning, tactical deployment of forces and weapon system operations. QRMP is a digital full-color graphic processing and reproduction system for the engineer terrain teams at Division, Corps, and Echelons Above Corps. These products directly support command and control, mission planning, tactical deployment of forces, and weapon system operations.It also provides Universal Coordinate Time for communication systems and assists in situational awareness and prevention of fratricide. A Pre-Planned Product Improvement program is authorized which includes; improved ABCS interoperability, advanced communication capabilities, and full COE compliance. In support of Soldier Enhancement Program. It consists of a circuit card tester and two or more electronic repair work-stations, all packaged in an environmentally-controlled shelter. The ERS will be fielded to general support maintenance units at corps level and above, and it will reduce operating and support costs by avoiding the need for evacuation of faulty components to depots or contractors.It also provides Universal Coordinated Time for communication systems and assists in situational awareness and prevention of fratricide. It consists of fabric reinforced woven metal cloth and sliding retainer fastening devices, over hinged joints. The fabric reinforced woven metal cloth material will be permanently attached to the adjoining panel surfaces providing continuity with the capability to fold with the hinged panels. In latching panel areas, the same material will be used with the sliding retainer fastening devices to provide quick installation where permanent installation is impossible. The switch will meet the needs of both ATC tower and terminal approach control facilities. The ETVS will be modular and customized to fit individual facility requirements. Its mission is to engage targets beyond the range of the existing MLRS rockets up to a range of approximately 45 kilometers. Greater range is obtained by lengthening the motor section to accommodate more propellant and incorporating the M451 Remote Settable Fuze which allows higher altitude flight. Accuracy is improved through the use of no-load detent bolts in the launch pods to reduce launch tip off errors and a launcher-mounted meteorological sensor to provide updated wind data to the fire control computer. The shortened payload section will house new XM85 Dual Purpose Improved Conventional Munition grenades equipped with electronic self-destruct fuzes to reduce hazardous duds for improved maneuver force safety. Current guidance is to produce a limited number of ER-MLRS until the Guided MLRS Rocket enters production in FY02. ESP vehicles will be equipped with a Central Tire Inflation System (CTIS) for enhanced mobility, automatic transmission, and power steering. The Modular Initial Deployment Latrine is a readily available, portable and highly mobile latrine that accompanies the deploying personnel into a theater of operations. The Maturing Theater Latrine is a more stable, durable system available in the theater following initial deployment. The Follow On Latrine is a containerized system used in the mature theater in the rear area. The current non-powered military tent heaters (M-1940?s and 50?s) represent safety hazards in the field, provide poor combustion of diesel fuel, low combustion efficiencies and poor heat distribution in tentage. The FOSH replaces the current military tent heaters, overcoming current deficiencies and safety hazards and satisfy requirements for new military tentage developments, sizes and materials. This program is in support of the Soldier Enhancement Program funded by PM Soldier. The MC incorporates M109 Family of Vehicle improvements into the FAASV in order to maintain a common chassis. The halon-charged fire extinguisher system will be replaced with an alternate agent system. The total FAASV MC effort for 664 systems will be performed at three sites: the Letterkenny Army Depot (442 systems), Korea (50 systems) and the remainder modified at a European site yet to be determined. In July 1996, a sole source contract to United Defense Limited Partnership was awarded for new production of 48 M992A2s for fielding to the Army National Guard as the companion resupply vehicle to Paladin. The existing software, written in Symbolic Interpreter Routine (SIR) was rewritten in the DoD standard Ada language. Initial fielding of the BCS and FDS were deployed with an emulator version software and were upgraded with the Ada versions in FY 94. The FSAC systems will be upgraded with Package 11 software and 1.2 GB hard disk drives in FY 99. The program will provide an electronic upgrade, HMMWV configuration and radar capability improvement. It consists of a 100 GPM, gasoline engine driven, diesel engine driven, or electric motor driven, pump and power source, a 100 GPM Filter Separator and hose, couplings, wyes and tees and sundry accessories. It is used to provide fresh water at company level near the combat zone. FAWPSS is a part of CENTCOM's near-term water supply equipment. The FHMUX also increases isolation between SINCGARS radios to mitigate co-site interference, thus decreasing the impact of this interference on SINCGARS range. It has a clean burn diesel engine for intermittent indoor operations and pneumatic tires for increased mobility outside the igloos. The system consists of: 2 ea. 350 GPM Pumps; 2 ea. 350 GPM Filter Separators; hoses, fittings, wyes and tees, and 6 ea.The system consists of two generators, one control panel, one air compressor assembly, one fog oil pump assembly and associated hoses, mounting kits (M284A1) and electrical cables. The M157A2 will permit the two generators to utilize JP8, JP5, DF1, and DFA to produce heat in accordance with fuel standardization requirements. The M157A2 will also be incorporated into the M1059 Smoke Generator Carrier, using modification kits (MA4501). The system uses a turbine engine as a power source to disseminate large area obscurant clouds. The visual screening module is capable of vaporizing fog oil for up to 90 minutes and the infrared module is capable of disseminating a particulate material to provide 30 minutes of screening. A pre-planned product improvement (P3I) for millimeter wave obscuration will be capable of producing a 30 minute screen. The XM90 is constructed to include three individual dual-ported, core burning smoke canisters. The canisters are ignited and ejected by a charge of black powder contained in the grenade expulsion base. When fired as a salvo of 4 grenades from the LVOSS (XM7) discharger, the smoke grenades produce an effective obscuring cloud a minimum of 35 meters wide at a height of at least 2 meters at a distance of 35 meters from the vehicle. The cloud forms within 6 seconds and lasts a minimum of 20 seconds. The XM90 grenade is compatible with presently fielded 66mm smoke grenade launchers. The XM90 grenade will counter threat weapon systems operating in the visual and near infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum enhancing the survivability of the vehicle. The fill materials are brass flake as an IR countermeasure and carbon fibers as a MM countermeasure. After launch, the grenades burst to form a cloud capable of blocking the MM and IR signals of the threat munitions. The M81 uses the same firing and arming mechanism and grenade body as the M76 Infrared Smoke Grenade and M82 Simulant Screening Grenade. The M81 grenade was type classified in September 1995 but the technical data package was shelved until an armored vehicle integrated survivability countermeasure system is near fielding.